STRONGS H4522:
Abbreviations
† I. מַס noun masculine1Ki 5:27 usually
collective body of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or
gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom (
מִסָּא, especially in phrase
מַסְּקֵי מִיסִּין (implying late and [for Biblical Hebrew] false sense 'tribute,' so Late Hebrew
מַעֲלֵי מָסִּים; √ unknown, probably loan-word; follows analogue of
ע׳׳ע); — absolute
׳span class="Hb maroon">מ 1 Kings 5:27 +;
לָמַ֑ס Joshua 17:13 +;
הַמַּ֑ס 2 Samuel 20:24 +; plural
מִסִּים Exodus 1:11; —
1. labour-band, labour-gang, body of task-workers for public service, formed by levy upon the people by Solomon וַיַּ֫עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁלֹמֹה מַס מִכָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 5:27, amounting to 30,000 men 1 Kings 5:27; אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָה הַמּ׳ 1 Kings 9:15; וַיַּעֲלֵם שׁ׳ לְמַס עֹבֵד 1 Kings 9:21 and Solomon levied them for a toiling labour-band (compare Genesis 49:15; Joshua 16:10) = לְמַס וַיַּעֲלֵם שׁ׳ 2 Chronicles 8:8; apparently instituted, earlier, by David, compare וַאֲדֹרָם עַלהַֿמַּ֑ס 2 Samuel 20:24, i.e. had charge of the body of labourers, so 1 Kings 4:6; 1 Kings 5:28; 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 10:18.
2.
a. of labour-bands, slave-gangs of Israel in Egypt, only שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exodus 1:11 (J) gang-overseers.
b. of conquered populations, subject to forced labour: יִהְיוּ לְךָ לָמַס וַעֲבָדוּךָ Deuteronomy 20:11 compare Judges 1:30, 33, 35 (see GFM), Isaiah 31:8; Lamentations 1:1; so ויהי לְמַס עֹבֵד Joshua 16:10 (compare Genesis 49:15; 1 Kings 9:21); וַיִתְּנוּ אֶתהַֿכְּנַעֲנִי לָמַ֑ס Joshua 17:13, compare (וַיָּ֫שֶׂם וגו׳) Judges 1:28.
3. in general: וַיְהִי לְמַסעֹֿבֵד Genesis 49:15 and he (Issachar) became a slaving labour-band (poem in J; compare Joshua 16:10; 1 Kings 9:21); compare רְמִיָּה תִּהְיֶה לָמַ֑ס Proverbs 12:24 (here apparently of individual)
4. forced service, serfdom (or possibly (in late passage) tribute = enforced payment, compare Late Hebrew, , see above), only of Ahasuerus: וַיָּשֶׂם הַמֶּלֶךְ מַס עַלהָֿאָרֶץ וגו׳ Esther 10:1.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Genesis
49:15; 49:15; 49:15
Exodus
1:11; 1:11
Deuteronomy
20:11
Joshua
16:10; 16:10; 16:10; 17:13; 17:13
Judges
1:28; 1:30; 1:33; 1:35
2 Samuel
20:24; 20:24
1 Kings
4:6; 9:15; 9:21; 9:21; 9:21; 12:18
2 Chronicles
8:8; 10:18
Esther
10:1
Proverbs
12:24
Isaiah
31:8
Lamentations
1:1