STRONGS H5647:
Abbreviations
עָבַד 290 verb work, serve (Old Aramaic
עבד do make, especially Nabataean, Palmyrene (often), Lzb
331 f. Cook
86, so
עֲבַד, Syriac
(very often); but also Old Aramaic Phoenician
עבד slave, vassal (and in many proper names),
עַבְדָּא, Syriac
id.; Assyrian
abdu,
id. (rare); Late Hebrew
עָבַד serve, performs acts of worship (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb), and derivatives; Arabic
worship, obey (God); compare We
Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, II.
enslave;
slave, worshiper; Sabean
עבד id. DHM
Südar. Alt. p. 18; Gerber
Verb. Denom. 14 ff. thinks
be slave, serve (Qal) and
enslave (Hiph.) are denominative, compare also Nö
ZMG xl (1886), 741); —
Qal272 Perfect 3rd person masculine singular ע׳ Ezekiel 29:18 +; suffix
עֲבָדוֺ Malachi 3:18 +;
3rd person masculine plural עָֽבְדוּ Deuteronomy 7:4;
עָבָ֑דוּ Numbers 4:26, +
64 times Perfect;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יַעֲבֹד Genesis 25:23 +; suffix
יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Exodus 4:23;
יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Psalm 22:31;
2 Kings 10:18;
3rd person masculine plural יַעַבְדוּ Deuteronomy 12:30 +;
יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Genesis 15:14 (Dr
§ 103)
Job 36:11;
2nd person masculine plural תַּעַבְדוּן Exodus 3:12,
תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Joshua 24:15, +
99 times Imperfect; (
תָּעָבְדֵם,
נָֽעָבְדֵם see
Hoph.);
Imperative עֲבֹד 1 Samuel 26:19; suffix
עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Chronicles 28:9;
עִבְדוּ Exodus 5:18 +
15 times;
עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 20:39; suffix
עִבְדֻהוּ 1 Samuel 7:3;
Infinitive construct עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +;
עֲבָדֿ Jeremiah 34:9,
10; suffix
עָבְדוֺ Jeremiah 27:6 +, etc.;
Participle עֹבֵד Genesis 4:2 +; plural
עֹבְדִים Numbers 18:21 +; construct
עֹבְדֵי Psalm 97:7 +; suffix
עֹבְדָיו 2 Kings 10:19;
עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zechariah 2:13; —
†1. labour, work, do work: absolute Exodus 20:9 = Exodus 34:21 = Deuteronomy 5:13 (4th word); Exodus 5:18 (E) Ecclesiastes 5:11; with accusative of thing, till the ground Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 4:2, 12 (J), 2 Samuel 9:10; Isaiah 30:24; Jeremiah 27:11; Zechariah 13:5; Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 28:19 object omitted Deuteronomy 15:19; Ezekiel 48:19; vineyard Deuteronomy 28:39; garden Genesis 2:16 (J); עֹבְרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Isaiah 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(יׅ הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:18, 19 labourers of the city; עֲבֹדָתוֺ ע׳ Isaiah 28:21 work his work (only here of God, || עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); עבדה על ע׳ Ezekiel 29:18 serve a military service against.
†2. work for another, serve him by labour: absolute Exodus 21:2 (E); with accusative pers Genesis 29:15; Genesis 31:6; Exodus 21:6 (E) Deuteronomy 15:12, 18; Malachi 3:17; Jeremiah 34:14, king his people 1 Kings 12:7; subject animals Jeremiah 27:6; Job 39:9; with accusative of person and thing Genesis 30:26 (twice in verse); Genesis 30:29 (J); with לְ person 2 Samuel 16:19; עִם Genesis 29:25, 30 (E) Leviticus 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Genesis 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 Samuel 16:19 (twice in verse); with בְּ of price Genesis 29:18, 20, 25; Genesis 31:41 (E) Hosea 12:13; Ezekiel 29:20; with בְּ personwork by means of another, use him as slave, Exodus 1:14; Leviticus 25:39, 46 (P) Jeremiah 22:13; Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 27:7; Jeremiah 30:8; Jeremiah 34:9, 10.
3. serve as subjects: usually with accusative, their own chiefs or kings Judges 9:28 (twice in verse); Judges 9:38; 1 Samuel 11:1; 1 Kings 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Psalm 18:44 = 2 Samuel 22:44; Jeremiah 27:7; Jeremiah 28:14; 2 Kings 25:24 +, other nations 2 Samuel 10:19; Jeremiah 40:9; Zechariah 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 Kings 18:7 +, with לְ, 1 Samuel 4:9 (twice in verse); מַס עֹבֵד Genesis 49:15 (J) Joshua 16:10; 1 Kings 9:21 (see מַס); † with בְּ person, work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 27:7; Jeremiah 30:8; Ezekiel 34:27.
4. serve God:
a. with accusative י׳, Exodus 3:12; Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 7:26 (JE), Psalm 22:31; Job 21:15; Malachi 3:14 +; with accusative of person and thing Exodus 10:26 (E); accusative of person omitted, Jeremiah 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֺד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Isaiah 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Exodus 13:5 (of מַצֹּת).
b. other gods, with accusative א׳ † Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 12:2, 30†; אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 7:4; Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; Deuteronomy 13:7; Deuteronomy 13:14; Deuteronomy 17:3; Deuteronomy 28:14, 36, 64; Deuteronomy 29:25; Deuteronomy 30:17; Deuteronomy 31:20; Joshua 23:16; Joshua 24:2, 16; Judges 2:10; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6, 9; 2 Kings 17:35; 2 Chronicles 7:19, 22; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 13:10; Jeremiah 16:11, 13; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 25:6; Jeremiah 35:15 (all D and Jeremiah); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֺיִם Deuteronomy 29:17; זָרִים Jeremiah 5:19; † כל צבא השׁמים Deuteronomy 4:19; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 8:2; הבעל(יםׅ Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Judges 10:6; Judges 10:10; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 16:31; 1 Kings 22:54; 2 Kings 10:18 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 10:19 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 10:21, 22, 23 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:16; † אלהי נֵכָר Joshua 24:20; Jeremiah 5:19; † (הַ)גִּלּוּלִים 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:21 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 20:39; † האשׁרים 2 Chronicles 24:18; עצבים Psalm 106:36; † פםיל(ים) 2 Chronicles 33:22; 2 Kings 17:41; פסל 2Ki 97:7; with לְ, † לבעל Judges 2:13; † לאלהים אחרים Jeremiah 44:3.
5. serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; compare RSSem i. 69): with accusative עבד עֲבֹדָה (see עֲבֹדָה) Numbers 3:7, 8; Numbers 4:23, 30, 47; Numbers 7:5; Numbers 8:11, 19, 22, 26; Numbers 16:9; Numbers 18:6, 21, 23; Joshua 22:27; accusative omitted Numbers 4:24, 26, 37, 41; Numbers 8:15 (but SAM עבדה), Numbers 8:25; Numbers 18:7.
†Niph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ecclesiastes 5:8;
2nd person masculine plural נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ezekiel 36:9;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יֵעָבֵד Deuteronomy 21:4;
3rd person feminine singular תֵּעָבֵד Ezekiel 36:34; —
1. be tilled, of land Deuteronomy 21:4; Ezekiel 36:9, 34.
2. Ecclesiastes 5:8 מֶלֶךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד dubious: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), Desee Commentaries, especially De.
†
Pual Perfect 3rd person masculine singular עֻבַּד Deuteronomy 21:3;
Isaiah 14:3; passive of
Qal, with
בְּ impersonal
Deuteronomy 21:3 of a calf with which
it has not been worked; hard
service with which it
was worked with captives Isaiah 14:3.
†
Hiph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular הֶעֱבִיד Ezekiel 29:18;
2nd person masculine singular suffix
הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:24,
הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ Isaiah 43:23,
וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Jeremiah 17:4;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Chronicles 34:33;
3rd person masculine plural יַעֲבִדוּ Exodus 1:13;
Infinitive construct הַעֲבִיד 2 Chronicles 2:17;
Participle plural
מַעֲבִדִים Exodus 6:15; —
1. compel to labour as slaves Exodus 1:13; Exodus 6:5 (P) 2 Chron 2:17, + Genesis 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), 2 Samuel 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד + בְּ at; on both these see עבר Hiph. near the end); cause to serve, of army's service against, with accusative + (על)אל Ezekiel 29:18; cause to labour, weary, with בְּ of means Isaiah 43:23, 24 (perhaps play on meanings 2, 3).
2. make to serve as subjects, with 2 accusative Jeremiah 17:4, + Jeremiah 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַרְתִּיךָ see עבר Hiph. near the end).
3. cause to serve God 2 Chronicles 34:33.
Hoph. Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular suffix
תָּֽעָבְדֵם Exodus 20:5 =
Deuteronomy 5:9;
Exodus 23:24;
1st person plural suffix
נָֽצָבְדֵם Deuteronomy 13:3 (Kö
i. 259 Sta
§ 549 g Thes; < Nes
Marg. 12 f. Qal anomalously pointed (compare W
AG. ed. 2, i, 62 n. Fl
Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges
§ 60 R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.); —
be led or
enticed to serve other gods
Exodus 20:5 =
Deuteronomy 5:9;
Exodus 23:24;
Deuteronomy 13:8.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5648.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Genesis
2:5; 2:16; 3:23; 4:2; 4:2; 4:12; 15:14; 25:23; 29:15; 29:18; 29:20; 29:25; 29:25; 29:27; 29:30; 30:26; 30:29; 31:6; 31:41; 47:21; 49:15
Exodus
1:13; 1:13; 1:14; 3:12; 3:12; 4:23; 4:23; 5:18; 5:18; 6:5; 6:15; 7:16; 10:26; 13:5; 20:5; 20:5; 20:9; 21:2; 21:6; 23:24; 23:24; 34:21
Leviticus
25:39; 25:40; 25:46
Numbers
3:7; 3:8; 4:23; 4:24; 4:26; 4:26; 4:30; 4:37; 4:41; 4:47; 7:5; 8:11; 8:15; 8:19; 8:22; 8:25; 8:26; 16:9; 18:6; 18:7; 18:21; 18:21; 18:23
Deuteronomy
4:19; 5:9; 5:9; 5:13; 7:4; 7:4; 7:16; 8:19; 11:16; 12:2; 12:30; 12:30; 13:3; 13:7; 13:8; 13:14; 15:12; 15:18; 15:19; 17:3; 21:3; 21:3; 21:4; 21:4; 28:14; 28:36; 28:39; 28:64; 29:17; 29:25; 30:17; 31:20
Joshua
16:10; 22:27; 23:16; 24:2; 24:15; 24:16; 24:20
Judges
2:10; 2:11; 2:13; 3:7; 9:28; 9:38; 10:6; 10:10; 10:13
1 Samuel
4:9; 7:3; 8:8; 11:1; 12:10; 26:19; 26:19
2 Samuel
9:10; 10:19; 12:31; 16:19; 16:19; 22:44
1 Kings
5:1; 9:6; 9:9; 9:21; 12:7; 16:31
2 Kings
10:18; 10:18; 10:19; 10:19; 10:21; 10:22; 10:23; 17:12; 17:16; 17:35; 17:41; 18:7; 21:3; 21:21; 25:24
1 Chronicles
28:9
2 Chronicles
2:17; 2:17; 7:19; 7:22; 24:18; 33:3; 33:22; 34:33; 34:33
Job
21:15; 36:11; 39:9
Psalms
18:44; 22:31; 22:31; 97:7; 106:36
Proverbs
12:11; 28:19
Ecclesiastes
5:8; 5:8; 5:11
Isaiah
14:3; 14:3; 19:9; 19:21; 28:21; 30:24; 43:23; 43:23; 43:24; 43:24
Jeremiah
2:20; 5:19; 5:19; 8:2; 11:10; 13:10; 15:14; 16:11; 16:13; 17:4; 17:4; 22:9; 22:13; 25:6; 25:14; 25:14; 27:6; 27:6; 27:7; 27:7; 27:7; 27:11; 28:14; 30:8; 30:8; 34:9; 34:9; 34:10; 34:10; 34:14; 35:15; 40:9; 44:3
Ezekiel
20:39; 20:39; 29:18; 29:18; 29:18; 29:18; 29:20; 34:27; 36:9; 36:9; 36:34; 36:34; 48:18; 48:19; 48:19
Hosea
12:13
Zechariah
2:13; 2:13; 13:5
Malachi
3:14; 3:14; 3:17; 3:18