STRONGS H7307:
Abbreviations
רוּחַ 378 noun feminineGenesis 41:8 (less often
masculineExodus 10:13 +)
breath, wind, spirit; — absolute
ר׳ Genesis 8:1 +,
ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct
רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix
רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +,
רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 +, etc.; plural
רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +,
רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36,
רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22;
Numbers 26:16 (see Br
רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); —
†1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):
a. פִּיו רוּחַ Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17; אַפֵּינוּ רוּחַ Lamentations 4:20 (figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14 = Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19; Psalm 135:17; compare Job 9:18.
b. as mere breath: compare 2e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13.
c. as word of command:
(1) of God: כָּל־ פִּיו בְּרוּחַ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (|| פֶּה);
(2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4.
d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger:
(1) of God: יִכְלוּ אַפּוֹ מֵרוּח Job 4:9; Exodus 15:8 (poem), 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 30:28; Isaiah 59:19;
(2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4.
e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Genesis 6:17; Genesis 7:15 (P); בְּאַפָּיו חַיִּים רוּחַ רוּחַ Genesis 7:22 (P); Ezekiel 37:5, compare Ezekiel 37:6; Ezekiel 37:8; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:9; Ezekiel 37:10; Ezekiel 37:14 (breath or spirit), Ecclesiastes 3:19.
2. wind (117 times):
a. wind of heaven: Genesis 8:1 (P) Exodus 15:10 (E) Numbers 11:31 (J) 1 Kings 18:45 +, Jeremiah 10:13, thence Jeremiah 51:16; Psalm 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Di Bu); † רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exodus 10:13 (twice in verse); Exodus 14:21 (J) Psalm 48:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10; Ezekiel 19:12; Ezekiel 27:26; Jonah 4:8; † צָפוֺן ר׳ north wind Proverbs 25:23; † יָם ר׳ sea wind (west wind) Exodus 10:19 (J);. † הַיּוֺם ר׳ day wind, evening wind Genesis 3:8 (J; compare Songs 2:17; Songs 4:6); † אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jeremiah 49:36; Ezekiel 37:9 (quarters?) Daniel 8:8; Daniel 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b), Zechariah 2:10; Zechariah 6:5; רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Psalm 107:25; Psalm 148:8; Ezekiel 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת ר׳), Ezekiel 13:11, 13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Psalm 55:9 (read possibly סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isaiah 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:11; Psalm 104:3, compare Hosea 4:19; Psalm 104:4.
b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן Ezekiel 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם Ezekiel 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם Ezekiel 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת Ezekiel 42:20; 1 Chronicles 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23 on the sides.
c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isaiah 33:11 (Du, 3c).
e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isaiah 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ecclesiastes 1:14; Ecclesiastes 2:11, 17, 26; Ecclesiastes 4:4, 6; Ecclesiastes 6:9; compare Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 4:16; Ecclesiastes 5:15.
†3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with H5315 נֶפֶשׁ and H3824 לֵבָב):
a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1 Kings 10:5 2 Chronicles 9:4; מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 Kings 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Genesis 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12.
b. courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר׳ Joshua 5:1; נְגִידִים יִבְצֹר ר׳ Psalm 76:13; מִצְרַיִם וְנָָֽבְקָה ר׳ Isaiah 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי Psalm 77:4; Psalm 142:4; Psalm 143:4; לֹא קָמָה עוֺד ר׳ Joshua 2:11; אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ר׳ Proverbs 18:14.
c. temper, especially anger: רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Judges 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judges 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Proverbs 16:32, compare Proverbs 25:28; Proverbs 29:11; Job 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zechariah 6:8; Ecclesiastes 7:9; Ecclesiastes 10:4.
d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of י׳) Micah 2:7; קְצַררֿוּחַ Proverbs 14:29 (|| אַפַּיִם אֶרֶךְ); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, compare Job 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Micah 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8.
e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; רוּח(ו) וַתָּפָּעֶם (his) spirit was troubled Genesis 41:8 (E) Daniel 2:3, compare Daniel 2:1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Genesis 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Isaiah 54:6, compare Ezekiel 3:14; Job 6:4.
f. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezekiel 21:12, compare Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, 13; Proverbs 17:22; Proverbs 18:14; Psalm 143:7.
g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1 Chronicles 5:26 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 21:16; 36:22; Ezra 1:1, 5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14 (3 times in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח 2 Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7; Numbers 14:24 (J; see עִם 4b), Malachi 2:15 (twice in verse); Malachi 2:16; Deuteronomy 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Numbers 5:14 (twice in verse); Numbers 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hosea 4:12; Hosea 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; מִשְׁפָּט רוּחַ Isaiah 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Genesis 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Proverbs 17:27.
h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹ Numbers 27:18 (P; or g, as Genesis 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע 2 Kings 2:15, compare 2 Kings 2:9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Genesis 2:21; Genesis 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isaiah 19:14) Isaiah 29:10; Micah 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zechariah 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezekiel 13:3.
†4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the
בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ||
נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):
a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ Zechariah 12:1; בְּאַפִּי אֱלוֹהַּ רוּחַ Job 27:3, compare Isaiah 42:5.
b. God preserves it: רוּחִי שָֽׁמְרָה פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת Proverbs 16:2.
c. it is therefore God's spirit: Genesis 6:3 (J; see דִּין near the end).
d. it departs at death: Psalm 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isaiah 38:16 (Di principle of life), Psalm 146:4; especially Psalm 104:29; Psalm 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare Job 34:15), Isaiah 57:16; Ecclesiastes 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ecclesiastes 11:5, compare Ecclesiastes 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Ecclesiastes 12:7; בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Psalm 31:6.
e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du breath of wind): עַל־פָּנַי וְרוּחַ יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.
†5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ :
a. desire (possibly 3g),
Isaiah 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).
b. sorrow, trouble (probably 3e), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ). — 1 Samuel 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.
†6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ||
לֵב, or synonym with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3; Deuteronomy 34:9 (both P; probably 3g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job's words), Psalm 77:7 ( Symm Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isaiah 40:13; come into mind Ezekiel 11:5, 20:32 (compare לֵב Isaiah 65:17; Jeremiah 3:16 +); 1 Chronicles 28:12.
†7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב
Psalm 51:12 [Psalm 51:10] (= לֵב נָכוֺן Psalm 57:8 (twice in verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalm 51:14; רוּחוֺ נָֽדְבָה Exodus 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exodus 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Chronicles 29:31).
†8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also =
׃לֵב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; רוּחִי Ezekiel 36:27; Isaiah 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalm 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isaiah 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isaiah 65:14 (compare 3f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Psalm 51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Psalm 34:19; Isaiah 61:1); Psalm 32:2; Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 16:18; Psalm 78:8; Ecclesiastes 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב Proverbs 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19; Proverbs 29:23; Isaiah 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Isaiah 57:15 (compare 3f).
†9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Numbers 11:17, 25 (twice in verse); Numbers 11:26, 29 (J), 1 Samuel 10:6, 10 (compare 1 Samuel 10:5), 1 Samuel 19:20, 23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:15 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 16:16, = רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:14 = רָעָה א׳ צלח ר׳ 1 Samuel 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 19:9; א׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה 1 Samuel 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ 1 Kings 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ר׳ 1 Kings 22:22; 1 Kings 22:23 2 Chronicles 18:20, 21, 22 = רוּחַ י׳ 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא Hosea 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Micah 3:8 (|| בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isaiah 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:12, 14, 24; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:1, 5, 24 (Co gloss), Ezekiel 37:1; Ezekiel 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 1 Kings 18:12; 2 Kings 2:16.
b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Numbers 24:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; 1 Chronicles 12:18; elsewhere in Chronicles: 2 Chronicles 15:1; 20:14; 24:20; distinctly in Isa2, Isaiah 48:16, compare Isaiah 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zechariah 7:12; Nehemiah 9:30; compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1 [Joel 2:28]; Joel 3:2 [Joel 2:29].
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power:
(1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על י׳ Judges 3:10; Judges 11:29, compare Judges 6:34; Judges 13:25; Judges 14:6, 19; Judges 15:14; 1 Samuel 11:6; 1 Samuel 16:13, 14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isaiah 32:15;
(2) resting upon Messianic king: Isaiah 11:2 (3 times in verse); upon servant of י׳, Isaiah 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exodus 31:3; Exodus 35:31 (P); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Proverbs 1:23.
e. as energy of life: הַמָּ֑יִם עַלַ־פְּנֵי מְרַחֶפֶת אֱלֹהִים רוּחַ Genesis 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר : Isaiah 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ezekiel 1:12, compare Ezekiel 1:20; Ezekiel 1:21; Ezekiel 10:17; reviving Israel Ezekiel 39:29; Zechariah 12:10; Isaiah 44:3.
f. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ ר׳ Isaiah 63:10, 11 = י׳ ר׳ Isaiah 63:14 (= פָּנָיו מַלְאַךְ Isaiah 63:9), compare Psalm 106:33; so also קָדְשְׁךָ ר׳ Psalm 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Nehemiah 9:20; Psalm 143:10; prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Haggai 2:5; Zechariah 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Psalm 139:7 (|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare Psalm 139:8).
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Genesis
1:2; 2:21; 3:8; 6:3; 6:3; 6:17; 6:17; 7:15; 7:22; 8:1; 8:1; 15:12; 26:35; 41:8; 41:8; 41:38; 41:38; 45:27
Exodus
6:9; 10:13; 10:13; 10:19; 14:21; 15:8; 15:10; 28:3; 31:3; 35:5; 35:21; 35:22; 35:31
Numbers
5:14; 5:30; 11:17; 11:25; 11:26; 11:29; 11:31; 14:24; 16:22; 16:22; 24:2; 26:16; 27:16; 27:18
Deuteronomy
2:30; 34:9
Joshua
2:11; 5:1
Judges
3:10; 6:34; 8:3; 9:23; 11:29; 13:25; 14:6; 14:19; 15:14; 15:19
1 Samuel
1:15; 10:5; 10:6; 10:10; 11:6; 16:13; 16:14; 16:14; 16:15; 16:16; 16:23; 16:23; 18:10; 19:9; 19:20; 19:23; 30:12
2 Samuel
22:11; 22:16; 23:2
1 Kings
10:5; 18:12; 18:45; 21:5; 22:21; 22:22; 22:23; 22:24
2 Kings
2:9; 2:15; 2:16; 19:7
1 Chronicles
5:26; 9:24; 12:18; 28:12
2 Chronicles
9:4; 15:1; 18:20; 18:21; 18:22; 18:23; 20:14; 21:16; 24:20; 29:31; 36:22
Ezra
1:1; 1:5
Nehemiah
9:20; 9:30
Job
4:9; 4:15; 6:4; 6:26; 7:7; 7:11; 9:18; 10:12; 12:10; 15:2; 15:13; 15:30; 16:3; 17:1; 19:17; 20:3; 21:4; 26:13; 27:3; 32:8; 32:8; 32:18; 33:4; 34:14; 34:15; 41:8
Psalms
18:11; 18:16; 31:6; 32:2; 33:6; 34:19; 34:19; 48:8; 51:10; 51:13; 51:14; 51:19; 55:9; 57:8; 77:4; 77:7; 78:8; 78:39; 104:3; 104:4; 104:4; 104:29; 104:30; 104:30; 106:33; 107:25; 135:7; 135:17; 139:7; 139:8; 142:4; 143:4; 143:7; 143:10; 146:4; 148:8
Proverbs
1:23; 11:13; 14:29; 15:4; 15:13; 16:2; 16:5; 16:18; 16:19; 16:32; 17:22; 17:27; 18:14; 18:14; 25:23; 25:28; 29:11; 29:23
Ecclesiastes
1:14; 1:17; 2:11; 2:17; 2:26; 3:19; 3:21; 4:4; 4:6; 4:16; 5:15; 6:9; 7:8; 7:8; 7:9; 8:8; 10:4; 11:5; 12:7
Song of Songs
2:17; 4:6
Isaiah
11:2; 11:4; 11:15; 19:3; 19:14; 19:14; 25:4; 26:9; 26:18; 28:6; 29:10; 29:24; 30:1; 30:28; 31:3; 32:15; 33:11; 34:16; 37:7; 38:16; 40:7; 40:13; 41:29; 42:1; 42:5; 44:3; 48:16; 54:6; 57:15; 57:15; 57:15; 57:16; 59:19; 59:21; 61:1; 61:1; 61:3; 63:9; 63:10; 63:11; 63:14; 65:14; 65:17; 66:2
Jeremiah
3:16; 5:13; 10:13; 10:14; 14:6; 18:17; 49:36; 49:36; 51:11; 51:16; 51:17; 52:23; 52:23
Lamentations
4:20
Ezekiel
1:4; 1:12; 1:20; 1:21; 2:2; 3:12; 3:14; 3:14; 3:24; 8:3; 10:17; 11:1; 11:5; 11:5; 11:19; 11:24; 13:3; 13:11; 13:13; 17:10; 18:31; 18:31; 19:12; 20:32; 21:12; 27:26; 36:26; 36:26; 36:27; 37:1; 37:5; 37:6; 37:8; 37:9; 37:9; 37:9; 37:9; 37:10; 37:14; 39:29; 42:16; 42:17; 42:18; 42:19; 42:20; 43:5
Daniel
2:1; 2:3; 8:8; 11:4
Hosea
4:12; 4:19; 5:4; 9:7; 13:15
Joel
2:28; 2:29
Jonah
4:8
Micah
2:7; 2:7; 2:11; 3:8
Habakkuk
2:19
Haggai
1:14; 2:5
Zechariah
2:10; 4:6; 6:5; 6:8; 7:12; 12:1; 12:10; 13:2
Malachi
2:15; 2:16