STRONGS H8269:
Abbreviations
שַׂר 420 noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian
šarru,
king); — absolute
שַׂר 2 Samuel 3:38 +,
הַשַּׂר Micah 7:3 +,
שָׂ֑ר Hosea 3:4 +; construct
שַׂר Judges 4:2 +; suffix
שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; plural
שָׂרִים 1 Kings 4:2 +; construct
שָׂרֵי Genesis 12:15 +; suffix
שָׂרַי Judges 5:15;
Isaiah 10:8,
שָׂרֵיכֶם Jeremiah 44:21,
שָׂרֵיהֶם Isaiah 3:4 +; —
1. chieftain, leader:
a. plural of Israel Numbers 21:18 (poem in J E; || נְדִיֹב הָעָם), of Issachar Judges 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judges 10:18 is dubious (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and compare זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, Judges 11:5-11); of Midian Judges 7:25; Judges 8:3; Philistines 1 Samuel 29:3 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 29:4 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 29:9; (apparently = סְרָנִים 1 Samuel 29:2; 1 Samuel 29:6; 1 Samuel 29:7 [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; Th Bu strike out in 1 Samuel 29:4 b), compare 1 Samuel 18:30; in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jeremiah 48:7, of מָלכם (which see; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jeremiah 49:3.
b. singular David as leader of freebooters 1 Samuel 22:2; compare גְּדוּד שׂ׳ 1 Kings 11:24, plural 2 Samuel 4:2.
2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt Genesis 12:15 (J) + 3 times in Isaiah Isaiah 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [CheHeb. Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Psalm 105:22; Moab Numbers 22:8 + 8 times in Numberse 22; 23 (JE), Amos 2:3; Edom Isaiah 34:12 (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian Isaiah 10:8; Isaiah 31:9; Babylonian Isaiah 21:5 + 7 timesin Jeremiah + 2 Chronicles 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jeremiah 49:38 + 17 times in Ezra, Esther; in general Isaiah 49:7; officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) 1 Chronicles 22:17 + 5 timesin 1 Chronicles; Ezra 8:20; Solomon 1 Kings 4:2; Jehoiachin 2 Kings 24:12, 14; Zedak. Jeremiah 34:21; 2 Chronicles 36:18; other kings + 19 times in 2 Chronicles; in general Ecclesiastes 10:16, 17; see also (Judah) Jeremiah 1:18 + 31 times in Jeremiah (Jeremiah 17:25a strike out שׂ׳ Gf Che Gie Du), + 4 times in Lamentations; Ezekiel 17:12; Zephaniah 1:8 (where distinguished from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in general, Nehemiah 9:32, 34; Daniel 9:6, 8; and (Northern Israel) Hosea 3:4 + 6 times in Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (ḳadi) Exodus 2:14 (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exodus 18:21 + 7 times in Exodus 18 (E), Deuteronomy 1:15 (4 times in verse); later in Judah Hosea 5:10 (Now reads שָׂרֵי תִשׁ׳), Isaiah 1:23, compare Isaiah 3:4, 14; Isaiah 32:1; Micah 7:3 (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), Zephaniah 3:3 (|| id.), Ezekiel 22:27, compare Proverbs 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); Proverbs 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1 Kings 20:14, 15, 17, 19; (compare Esther 1:3; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esther 3:12).
d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר שׂ׳ Judges 9:30, compare 1 Kings 22:26 2 Chronicles 18:25; 2 Kings 23:8; 2 Chronicles 34:8; of citadel, הַבִּירָה שׂ׳ Nehemiah 7:2; plural of city officials סֻכּוֺת שׂ׳ Judges 8:6, 14 (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare 2 Kings 10:1; 2 Chronicles 29:20.
3. specifically military, = captain, general:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Genesis 21:22, 32 (E), Genesis 26:26 (J), 1 Samuel 12:9 + 23 times, + יֿ׳ צֿ׳ שׂ׳ Joshua 5:14, 15 (J E; צָבָא 1b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ 1 Kings 1:25 + 3 times Chronicles, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ 1 Chronicles 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. 1 Chronicles 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deuteronomy 20:9; 1 Kings 2:5; 1 Chronicles 27:3; שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2 Samuel 24:2 (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as and || 1 Chronicles 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ 1 Chronicles 21:4; 1 Chronicles 21:4; 2 Kings 9:5; 2 Chronicles 33:14; Nehemiah 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 Kings 15:20 2 Chronicles 16:4; 2 Kings 25:23, 26; Jeremiah 40:7, 13 + 7 times Jeremiah; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2 Chronicles 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone 2 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 19:7; 1 Kings 9:22 2 Chronicles 8:9 .:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT שָׂרֵי שׁ׳), 2 Kings 9:5 (twice in verse); 1 Chronicles 11:6, 21 + 9 times, + Job 39:25; Daniel 11:5; וְגָדוֺל שׂ׳ 2 Samuel 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isaiah 9:5 (Messianic name).
b. leading companies of 50 2 Kings 1:9-14 Isaiah 3:3, of 100 1 Samuel 22:7 + 16 times + 1 Samuel 8:12 (reading מֵאוֺת for חֲמִשִּׁים HPS, compare We; Bu insert שָׂרֵי מֵאוֺת), of 1000 1 Samuel 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֺת 1 Chronicles 13:1; 1 Chronicles 26:26 (distinguished from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 1 Chronicles 27:1; 1 Chronicles 29:6; 2 Chronicles 1:2; also הָרֶכֶב שׂ׳ captain of the chariotry 1 Kings 22:31, 32, 33 2 Chronicles 18:30; 18:31; 18:32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ר׳ 1 Kings 9:22 2 Chronicles 8:9.
4.
a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Genesis 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1 Kings 14:27 2 Chronicles 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1 Kings 5:30; 1 Kings 9:23 2 Chronicles 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Genesis 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Genesis 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1 Chronicles 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר 1 Chronicles 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jeremiah 51:59.
b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Genesis 39:21, 23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1 Samuel 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exodus 1:11 (J); compare 1 Chronicles 15:27; 1 Chronicles 29:6; 1 Chronicles 27:31; 1 Chronicles 28:1. — In 1 Chronicles 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for MT בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר Qal.
5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24, 29; Ezra 10:5; 2 Chronicles 36:14; הַלְוִיִּם שׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 15:16, 22; 2 Chronicles 35:9, compare 1 Chronicles 15:5, 6, 7, 8, 10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1 Chronicles 24:5, אֱלֹהִים שׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 24:5; — שָׂרֵי ק׳ Isaiah 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי Houb Klo CheHpt Gr (substantially).
6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 27:22; 1 Chronicles 29:6, compare 1 Chronicles 28:1; apparently = elders, הָעָם שׂ׳ Ezekiel 11:1; 2 Chronicles 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, Psalm 68:28 (3 times in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem Ezra 9:1, 2; Nehemiah 4:10; Nehemiah 10:1; Nehemiah 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8, 14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 12:31, 32; of district-rulers Nehemiah 3:9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29; 1 Chronicles 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ 1 Chronicles 24:31; 1 Chronicles 27:1; Nehemiah 7:70).
7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Isaiah 23:8 (compare 'merchant- princes'), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (|| נְגִירִים), Job 34:19; Psalm 45:17; Psalm 82:7; Psalm 148:11, opposed to עבד(יםׅ Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; formidable foes Psalm 119:23; Psalm 119:161.
8. = patron-angel, only Daniel: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר Daniel 10:13, 20, יָוָן שׂ׳ Daniel 10:20; specifically of מִיכָאֵל Daniel 10:13, 21; Daniel 12:1
9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Daniel 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1c; yet see also צ׳ 1b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים Daniel 8:25.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Genesis
12:15; 12:15; 21:22; 21:32; 26:26; 30:4; 37:36; 39:21; 39:23; 40:2; 40:2; 47:6
Exodus
1:11; 2:14; 18; 18:21
Numbers
21:18; 22:8
Deuteronomy
1:15; 20:9
Joshua
5:14; 5:15
Judges
4:2; 5:15; 5:15; 7:25; 8:3; 8:6; 8:14; 9:30; 10:18; 11:5; 11:6; 11:7; 11:8; 11:9; 11:10; 11:11
1 Samuel
8:12; 12:9; 17:18; 18:30; 21:8; 22:2; 22:7; 29:2; 29:3; 29:4; 29:4; 29:6; 29:7; 29:9
2 Samuel
3:38; 3:38; 4:2; 18:5; 19:7; 24:2
1 Kings
1:25; 2:5; 4:2; 9:22; 9:22; 9:23; 11:24; 14:27; 15:20; 20:14; 20:15; 20:17; 20:19; 22:26; 22:31; 22:32; 22:33
2 Kings
1:9; 1:10; 1:11; 1:12; 1:13; 1:14; 9:5; 9:5; 10:1; 23:8; 24:12; 24:14; 25:23; 25:26
1 Chronicles
11:6; 11:21; 12:21; 12:22; 13:1; 15:5; 15:6; 15:7; 15:8; 15:10; 15:16; 15:22; 15:22; 15:27; 21:2; 21:4; 21:4; 22:17; 24:5; 24:5; 24:31; 26:26; 27:1; 27:1; 27:3; 27:22; 27:28; 27:31; 28:1; 28:1; 28:1; 29:6; 29:6; 29:6; 29:6
2 Chronicles
1:2; 8:9; 8:9; 8:10; 12:10; 16:4; 18:25; 18:30; 18:31; 18:32; 24:23; 29:20; 32:6; 32:31; 33:14; 34:8; 35:9; 36:14; 36:18
Ezra
8:20; 8:24; 8:29; 8:29; 9:1; 9:2; 10:5; 10:8; 10:14
Nehemiah
2:9; 3:9; 3:12; 3:14; 3:15; 3:16; 3:17; 3:18; 3:19; 4:10; 7:2; 7:70; 9:32; 9:34; 10:1; 11:1; 12:31; 12:32
Esther
1:3; 3:12; 8:9; 9:3
Job
3:15; 29:9; 34:19; 39:25
Psalms
45:17; 68:28; 82:7; 105:22; 119:23; 119:161; 148:11
Proverbs
8:16; 19:10; 28:2
Ecclesiastes
10:7; 10:16; 10:17
Song of Songs
1
Isaiah
1:23; 3:3; 3:4; 3:4; 3:14; 9:5; 10:8; 10:8; 21:5; 23:8; 31:9; 32:1; 34:12; 43:28; 49:7
Jeremiah
1:18; 17:25; 34:21; 40:7; 40:13; 44:21; 48:7; 49:3; 49:38; 51:59
Ezekiel
11:1; 17:12; 22:27
Daniel
1:7; 1:8; 1:9; 1:10; 1:11; 1:18; 8:11; 8:25; 9:6; 9:8; 10:13; 10:13; 10:20; 10:20; 10:21; 10:21; 11:5; 12:1
Hosea
3:4; 3:4; 5:10
Amos
1:15; 2:3
Micah
7:3; 7:3
Zephaniah
1:8; 3:3