STRONGS H224:
Abbreviations
אוּרִים noun masculine Urim (plural intensive, mostly with article
the Urim, and mostly joined with
תֻּמִּים which see)
תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ הֲסִידֶךָ Deuteronomy 33:8 thy Thummim and thy Urim has the man of thy favour, i.e. the Levite tested at Massah & Meribah;
הָאוּרִים וְהִתֻּמִּים were put into the
הַמִּשְׁפָּט חשֶׁן of the high priest
Exodus 28:30;
Leviticus 8:8 (P); this
חשֶׁן (which see
H2833) was a little bag or pouch worn on breast of high, priest, to hold the
Urim & Thummim; the name
הַמִּשְׁפָּט ח׳ was given because of decisions made by that which was within it; thus, Eleazar was to inquire of
י׳ for Joshua
הָאוּרִים בְּמִשְׁפַּט Numbers 27:21 (P); Saul prayed
הָבָה אוּרִים opposed to
הבה תֻּמִּים,
1 Samuel 14:41 , so We Dr (MT omits former, and reads
תָּמִים in latter);
י׳ did not answer Saul
בָּאוּרִים or by dreams or prophets
1 Samuel 28:6; post-exilic Jews reserved difficult questions until there stood up a priest
לְאוּרִים וּלְתֻמִּים Ezra 2:63;
Nehemiah 7:65 (here alone without article) These passages give little information;
δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια,
doctrina et veritas, Symm
φωτισμοὶ καὶ τελεώτητες; Jos
Ant. iii. 8. 9 thinks of the twelve gems of face of bag as giving decision by shining; Philo
Vit. Mos. iii thinks of two small images (
א׳ &
ת׳), probably embroidered in the cloth of the bag, like oracle-images of Egypt (Diod
1,48, 75 Aelian
Var. Hist.14, 34); Ew
Geschichte iii, 309; Antiq. 295, of two stones of different colours for sacred lot, on this see Dr
1 Samuel 14:41 where
אוּרִים &
תֻּמִּים as object of give,
δος =
הָבָה; compare
הִפִּילוּ 1 Samuel 14:42,
וַיִלָּכֵד 1 Samuel 14:41 (used of taking by lot
1 Samuel 10:20;
Isaiah 7:14,
16); see also We & RS
OTJC Lect x. N 4; Bähr
Symbolik, of one thing within bag, a sacred pledge to high priest of the enlightenment & perfection he would receive from
י׳ when called to make sacred decisions; Ka
Ex 544 sees the sacred pledge in the twelve sacred gems themselves, that stimulate priest to self-sacrifice & perfect sanctification.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Exodus
28:30
Leviticus
8:8
Numbers
27:21
Deuteronomy
33:8
1 Samuel
10:20; 14:41; 14:41; 14:41; 14:42; 28:6
Ezra
2:63
Nehemiah
7:65
Isaiah
7:14; 7:16